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Urban plan Tyumen: Digital Cartography for Printing, Business, Education

Tyumen is the administrative center of the Tyumen Region.

The city was founded by voivodes Vasily Sukin and Ivan Myasny in July 1586 on the site of an ancient settlement, the capital of the Tyumen Khanate, located next to the Tatar village of Chimgi-Tura. In the Russian chronicles of the XVI century.

The Tyumen Khanate was called the "Great Tyumen". Tumen (tumyan) in the Turkic languages means "lower reaches of the river", "the lowlands." The same word also denoted a military unit of ten thousand people of the tribe. Title it was taken by the Russians as the name of a new, the first city in Siberia.

The city of Tyumen was founded as an outpost of the development of Siberia and the Far East. In the XVI and XVII centuries, the main population is serving people. In the 1st third of the XVII century, it was often raided by nomads, which was reflected in "Tales of Tara and Tyumen" (1634). A century after its foundation, about 2 thousand people lived in Tyumen. In October 1695, the wooden city burned down, after that stone construction began to develop. Made of stone the buildings of that time preserved the complex of buildings of the Trinity Monastery. 

At the beginning of the XVIII century, Tyumen was a major transit point of trade, trade routes from China and all of Siberia to the center of Russia. Blacksmithing, bell-making, soap-making have been widely developed productions. Tyumen was famous for the production of furniture and other wood products. In 1763, people lived there 6593 people, of which 317 were artisans. During this period, Tyumen became famous for the manufacture of leather. 

They were processed in small workshops that clung to the shore of Tours. Leather and products made from it were taken to Irbitskaya the fair was supplied to the army, sold abroad.

By the beginning of the XIX century, Tyumen is a significant center of the manufacturing industry. In 1836 in Tyumen was launched the first steamship in Siberia. The city is becoming one of the largest river shipbuilding bases in Russia. 

The economic importance of Tyumen increased with the development of shipping and with the construction of the railway in 1885. In  1868, N.M. Davydovskaya brewery was founded. Tyumen beer "Kulbakherskoe", "Extra", "Cabinet" and others were considered the best in the Urals - it was celebrated at international exhibitions. Fruit drinks, made on the basis of local mineral water, received gold medals in Brussels and Madrid. By the end of the XIX, shipbuilding has been well developed in the city for centuries. In 1913, 191 steam vessels sailed in the Ob-Irtysh basin, 135 of them were collected in Tyumen. The forestry, fishing, canning industry, carpet weaving were developing production, horse-drawn transport. The economic importance of Tyumen increased with the construction of the 1912 railway to Omsk.

A contemporary wrote about Tyumen that "we will not see such a diverse industry in any other district Siberia". By the beginning of the twentieth century, the number of residents of the city reached 30 thousand and exceeded the population of the provincial Tobolsk. Tyumen was also a major transshipment point for migrants and exiles; there was an order for exiles who registered and settled them in Siberia. There were 117 factories and plants in Tyumen, including three shipyards, two steam mills, 70 tanneries, and other enterprises.

The industrial growth of Tyumen cut off residential development from the shores of the Tura and predetermined the linear nature of developing cities in the direction of the western suburbs and to the southeast - to the railway. 
In 1930, the first university was opened in Tyumen - the agro-pedagogical Institute. The first buses appeared. In 1936 the first ten-year school was built. Before the war, in 1940, Tyumen produced tugboats, barges, machine tools, furniture, lumber, fur products, shoes, and many other products.

During the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), 22 evacuated enterprises worked in the city. To the front armored boats, mortars, motorcycles, electrical equipment for tanks, shells, mines, sheepskin coats were supplied, valenki and food. 20 thousand Tyumen residents fought at the front. 

On August 14, 1944, the Tyumen Region was formed with the administrative center in Tyumen. 
The discovery of oil and gas fields in the region has become a new page in the history of Tyumen.

In the 1960s and 70s, their development began among the taiga, swamps, and tundra. In 1966, the construction of the railway began roads Tyumen – Tobolsk – Surgut – Nizhnevartovsk. In 1967, the Tyumen Civil Aviation Administration was established. Many enterprises have started working for the oil and gas complex. Tyumen aviators delivered surveyors, topographers, geologists, drillers, builders of various specialties, and equipment in the most hard-to-reach points. Rivermen mastered new waterways on numerous rivers of Western Siberia. Tyumen became the starting and transshipment point for the delivery of goods to the North. At that time, new ones were built in the city's specialized enterprises, design institutes, higher educational institutions. In 1970 on the streets of Tyumen the first trolleybus appeared, the university was opened in 1973.

Modern Tyumen is a large industrial center, a city of science, culture, and sports. In recent years, the city has been significantly transformed: new neighborhoods have been built, highways, bridges have been built, streets have been expanded. In 2015 the 700-thousandth resident of the city was born in the year.

Facts about the modern city: 

In 1996, new borders of Tyumen were established, and the City Charter was adopted for the first time.

In 2003, 2005 - 2008. Tyumen won prizes in the All-Russian competition held by the Government

The Russian Federation, "The most comfortable city in Russia" is among the cities of the I category.

In 2007 - II place in the nomination "Economics and finance of municipal education" of the All-Russian competition

"The best Municipal Formation", conducted by the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation.

In 2008, the Eastern Administrative District of the city of Tyumen was formed; in November, a new building of the GAUK has opened the Tyumen region "Tyumen Drama Theater" on the square of the 400th anniversary of Tyumen; GAU TO "West-Siberian Innovation Center".

In 2010 Tyumen was awarded the III place in the nomination "The best local administration" among urban districts – administrative centers". The competition is held by the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation.

In 2012, Tyumen took VI place in the ranking of the best cities for business in Russia (Forbes edition), V place in the ranking of the best Russian cities in terms of price and quality of life (St. Petersburg Institute territorial planning).

In 2013 – the VII place in the ranking of the best cities in Russia in terms of attractiveness for life and business (research of the RBC journal).

In 2014 – IX place in the country in terms of fertility (data from the Gradoteka information portal) and X place in the ranking of the fastest-growing cities in Russia (a study by RBC magazine).

2014 - 2015 - I place in the ranking of cities with the best quality of life (financial Research University under the Government of the Russian Federation).

2014 - I place in the annual national rating of megacities of Russia, combining statistical indicators

"Urban Development Index" and the results of a sociological survey of residents (compiled by the publication "Russian reporter").

In 2015 - 2016. Tyumen occupies a leading position in the ratings for the quality of road construction and development urban infrastructure, compiled according to the results of the inspection of the All-Russian Popular Front, the expedition Rossiya24 TV channel.

2016 - Tyumen became a laureate of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation for the second time in the field of quality of life in the nomination "The best city in Russia for the quality of life of the population".

2017 - Tyumen took first place in the Rating of sustainable development of Russian cities.

2017 - Tyumen took first place in the national rating of megacities of Russia for the second time in a row (according to federal edition "Russian Reporter").

2017 - Tyumen became a laureate of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation for the third time in the field of quality of life in the nomination "The best city in Russia in terms of the quality of life of the population" (with a population of more than 500 thousand).

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