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Ukraine
Country in Europe See also: Full version maps of Ukraine
Ukraine is a large country in Eastern Europe, famous for its Orthodox churches, Black Sea resorts and forested mountains. In Kyiv, the capital of the country, there is the St. Sophia Cathedral, decorated with golden domes, 11th-century mosaics and frescoes. Above the Dnieper River rises the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra Monastery, a place of pilgrimage for many Orthodox Christians. Religious relics are kept in her sketes, and the mummified remains of Orthodox monks are kept in the catacombs.
Capital: Kyiv
Area: 603,700 km²
Date of foundation: August 24, 1991
Population: 44.13 million
Ukraine gained independence after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and has since veered between seeking closer integration with Western Europe and being drawn into the orbit of Russia, which sees its interests as threatened by a Western-leaning Ukraine.
Europe’s second largest country, Ukraine is a land of wide, fertile agricultural plains, with large pockets of heavy industry in the east.
While Ukraine and Russia share common historical origins, the west of the country has closer ties with its European neighbours, particularly Poland, and nationalist sentiment is strongest there.
A significant minority of the population uses Russian as its first language, particularly in the industrialised east. In Crimea, an autonomous republic on the Black Sea that was part of Russia until 1954, ethnic Russians make up about 60% of the population.
Russia once again seized and annexed Crimea in March 2014, amid the chaos following the fall of President Viktor Yanukovych, plunging European into its worst diplomatic crisis since the Cold War.
Author: Kirill Shrayber, Ph.D.