Urban plan Moscow: Digital Vector Maps for Printing

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Urban plan Moscow: City Vector Maps for Business, Tourism, Education

Moscow is the capital of the Russian Federation, as well as a major industrial, educational, cultural, commercial, scientific, and transport center of Russia.

Most historians believe that the city got its name from the river on which it was built. But there is another opinion that the river was named after the city, and the name was formed by adding the root "mosk" - flint and "cov" - to hide.

The first mention of the city is found in 1147 in the Ipatiev Chronicle, so this year is considered the year of the foundation of Moscow since the exact date of foundation remains unknown.

The very first settlement on the site of modern Moscow was surrounded by a moat and wooden walls. The first stone walls around the city appeared only in 1367, and the modern Kremlin walls were erected in the period from 1485 to 1495.

Throughout the history of the city, it has survived many sieges and has been burned several times during wars.

In 1811, on the eve of the Patriotic War, the population of Moscow was 275 thousand people, and now the number of inhabitants has exceeded 10 million people.

Geography
Moscow is located between the Volga and the Oka, at the junction of the Meshcherskaya lowland, the Moskvoretsko-Oka plain, and the Smolensk-Moscow Upland. Currently, Moscow is the smallest subject of the Russian Federation by area.

Moscow is located on both sides of the river of the same name. In addition to Moscow, other rivers flow through the city. There are about 400 ponds in the city, as well as several lakes and other reservoirs.

The average height of the city above sea level is 156 meters. The highest natural point of Moscow is the Teplostanskaya hill with a height of 255 meters. The total length of the city within the Moscow Ring Road is: from west to east – 40 kilometers, from north to south - 38 kilometers.

The offset relative to UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) is +4 hours.

Despite the very high degree of development, green areas occupy about a third of the total area of Moscow. The most famous forest and park areas are Butovsky Forest Park, Lublin Forest Park, Zamoskvoretsky Forest Park, Filevsky Park, Timiryazevsky Park, Izmailovsky Park, and others. In addition, the city is home to a part of Moose Island - a natural national park, as well as various recreational areas and squares.

Climate
Moscow is characterized by a temperate continental climate with fairly mild winters and humid warm summers. Despite this, Moscow is among the capitals with the most severe climate. Excessive heat and sharp frosts practically do not happen in Moscow, however, in recent years there has been a deviation from the norm more often. During the year, 550-650 mm of precipitation mainly falls.

Usually, frosts in Moscow begin at the end of September and end in mid-May. Winter with persistent frosts begins on the 20th of November and ends on March 10. Snow cover is usually established together with persistent frosts and completely disappears by the 10th of April. By the end of winter, the height of the snow cover in Moscow is about 35 centimeters.

The coldest month of the year is January – the temperature this month drops to -10 °C. The lowest recorded temperature was -45°C. In the other two months, short thaws are often observed.

The hottest month of the year is July when the thermometer rises to +20 °C. The absolute record was set in the summer of 2010 when the temperature reached +38 °C. The weather in early summer is very unstable, with frequent thunderstorms and sudden temperature changes.

Transport
Since ancient times, Moscow has been one of the largest transport hubs in Russia. The city is still located in the very center of a web of highways and railways. Various types of public transport are also developed inside the city, and since 1935 the metro has been operating in Moscow.

There are 9 train stations and 4 airports in Moscow.

The main means of transportation within Moscow remains the metro. On average, the Moscow metro transports 6.5 million people a day. After the Tokyo subway, it is the second most intensive subway system in the world. River transport is also actively used in the capital.

Culture
Moscow is an important cultural and historical center of Europe. Our capital is famous all over the world for its museums, architectural and historical monuments, as well as entertainment infrastructure.

In total, there are more than a hundred different theaters in modern Moscow, and many of them are known all over the world. There are also several dozen museums and zoological gardens.

Many large Russian film studios, for example, Soyuzmultfilm, Mosfilm, and others are located in Moscow. The Moscow International Film Festival is also held here every year.

Many sights of Moscow are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Some buildings and monuments were built several hundred years ago.

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